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MaltaWildPlants.com by Stephen Mifsud |
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External Links: |
Conium maculatum (Hemlock) |
Conium maculatum (APIACEAE.) Images for this profile are taken from the Maltese Islands at or after year 2000. |
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Nomenclature and Basic Information |
Species name : |
Conium maculatum L. Published in Sp. Pl. 243 (1753). | Synonyms :
(basionym or principal syn.) |
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Plant Family : | Apiaceae
Lindl. (=Umbelliferea) (The Carrot Family) 34 species from the Apiaceae family are recorded from the Maltese Islands. | English name(s) : | Hemlock, Poison Hemlock, Devil's bread | Maltese name(s) : | Ċikuta | Status for Malta : | Species that was introduced in Malta after year 1492 and spreads to form established, non-invasive populations. It may become become invasive if it widespreads rapidly. | Frequency : | Very Common Common Frequent
Scarce Rare
Very Rare Extinct
| Growth form : |
Raunkiaer lifeform [info]: HEMICRYPTOPHYTE (prostate plants with flowers close to the ground)
Germination [info]: Dicotyledon | Legal Protection [link]: | Not Protected by Law (LN200/2011 or LN311/2006) | Red List (1989) : | Not listed in the Red Data Book of the Maltese Islands | Flowering Time : | May-Aug | Colour of Flowers: | White | Remarks : | All parts of plant are highly poisonous especially the seeds. |
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Species Description and Distribution |
Habitat in Europe: |
Wasteground near arable land |
Preferred habitat in Malta: |
Last population was seen in disturbed ground close to arable land. |
Botanical Description: |
Nearly glabrous winter annual or biennial 50-250 cm. Stem pruinose, usually with reddish-brown spots below, hollow. Lower leaves up to 50 x 40 cm, triangular in outline, 2- to 4-pinnate, soft, entirely glabrous; lobes 10-20 mm, oblong-lanceolate to deltate, pinnatifid, coarsely serrate or crenate-serrate. Rays (6-)10-20, often puberulent. Bracts (0-)5-6, narrowly triangular to ovate-lanceolate, deflexed; margin scarious; bracteoles 3-6, on the outside of the partial umbel, widened at base and often connate. Fruit 2.5-3.5 mm |
Distributional range: |
Almost throughout Europe, except the extreme north |
Native region outside Europe: |
North Africa |
Distributional map in Europe and the Mediterranean region (2018):
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Occurrences in Europe. (from Flora Europaea pre year 1993): |
All Europe except Faroe Islands, Iceland, Svalbard archipelago |
Occurrences in Europe and the Mediterranean region. (Euro+Med Checklist, 2017) -
Country codes |
Ab(A N) Ag Al Ar Au(A) †Au(L) Az Be(B L) BH Bl(M N) Br Bu By dCa(C G H P T) Cg Co Cr Cs Cy Da Es Fe Ga(F) Ge Gg Gr Hb(E N) He Ho Hs(A S) Hu Ir It Jo La Le Li Lt Lu Ma Mk Mo Po Rf(C CS E N NW S) Rm Sa Si(M S) Sk Sl Sr Su Sy Tn Tu(A E) Uk(K U) [Az(M S T) Md(M) aNo] |
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Submit further info on this species |
Use this form to submit more information on this species or report mistakes in this webpage. If information supplied is taken from a book, journal or website, please provide the corresponding reference or website address. Your email address is only for internal communication. Please report only Maltese locations for plants that indicated as rare or very rare (refer to the Nomenclature section). Please do report mistakes, broken links, technical errors, silly typing / grammar errors, misidentifications or taxonomical updates; this will help to improve the website's accuracy. Thanks you! Fill any of the three sections (A/B/C) below and kindly submit the form. * = required fields.
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